Attapulgite clay

Abstract

Attapulgite is a layered-chain hydrated magnesium aluminium silicate, ideal formula Mg₅Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(OH₂)₄·4H₂O, occurring in rod-like/fibrous form 0.5–5 µm long and white to light grey/green/brown depending on impurities. Theoretical chemistry: MgO 23.83%, SiO₂ 56.96%, H₂O 19.21%; density 2.05–2.30 g/cm³, Mohs hardness 2–3, with good stability at high temperature and in brine.

Originally used as an adsorbent, decolouriser, purifying agent and pigment carrier in chemical, pharmaceutical, dyeing and environmental industries, attapulgite has recently entered friction materials. Its rod/fibre morphology (aspect ratio 10–30) gives some reinforcement; its hollow tubular, microporous structure gives a specific surface area up to 150 m²/g after milling, bonding well with resin and absorbing liquid/gaseous low-molecular species released during high-temperature friction for a self-cleaning surface; its layered-chain structure and low hardness give wear-reducing and friction-coefficient-adjusting effect; it does not swell in water and shrinks little on drying, suiting wetted brake pads. The article notes Chinese mine purity is limited (up to about 50–70%), so stable supply and strict incoming inspection are advised.

Key facts

  • Mineral: layered-chain hydrated Mg-Al silicate; ideal Mg₅Si₈O₂₀(OH)₂(OH₂)₄·4H₂O
  • Morphology: rod/fibre 0.5–5 µm; aspect ratio 10–30
  • Properties: density 2.05–2.30 g/cm³; Mohs 2–3; stable in high temperature and brine
  • Specific surface area: up to 150 m²/g after milling
  • Benefits cited: reinforcement, resin bonding, friction-surface self-cleaning, wear reduction, no water swelling
  • Caveat: Chinese ore purity up to ~50–70%; require stable supply and strict inspection

The original article is in Chinese; see the Chinese version for the full text. This page provides the English title, abstract and key facts only — translated and compiled from the original, without full verbatim translation.