Potassium titanate whiskers compared with other fibres
Abstract
This article compares hexapotassium titanate whiskers with other fibres commonly used in friction materials — E-glass, steel fibre, copper fibre, Kevlar® 29 and type-I high-modulus carbon fibre — across density, melting point, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, tensile strength and elastic modulus.
The article argues that no single substitute fibre can alone replace asbestos: glass fibre bonds poorly with resin/rubber/filler and is hard (noise, vibration); steel fibre is heavy, hard and rust-prone and is limited mainly to front brake pads; man-made mineral fibres (the second-generation substitutes) contain shot and disperse with difficulty. Hexapotassium titanate whiskers are described as non-toxic, with a high melting point (~1350 ℃), service temperature up to 1000 ℃ (against about 400 ℃ for asbestos), a negative temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity and over 90% infrared reflectance; their loose powder form disperses easily, and they can be combined with a synthetic inorganic fibre for macro reinforcement in ceramic friction materials.
Key facts
- Comparison set: E-glass, steel, copper, Kevlar® 29, hexapotassium titanate, type-I high-modulus carbon fibre
- Reported hexapotassium titanate: density 3.3 g/cm³; melting point ~1350 ℃; tensile strength 7 GPa; modulus 280 GPa; CTE 6.8×10⁻⁶/K
- Service temperature: up to ~1000 ℃ vs ~400 ℃ for asbestos (per original article)
- Thermal behaviour: over 90% infrared reflectance; negative temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity (lower at higher temperature)
- Dispersion: loose macro-powder form, easy to disperse
- Use direction: combined with a synthetic inorganic fibre for ceramic friction materials
The original article is in Chinese; see the Chinese version for the full text. This page provides the English title, abstract and key facts only — translated and compiled from the original, without full verbatim translation.